The Big Five Personality Assessment And Organizational...

In the following paper we will discuss in depth analyses from three different topics: What about me, Working with Others, and Life in Organizations. From these three topics I will also discuss what I have learned about organizational behavior in general and specifically how that will help me become more effective in my current job. Finally, I will discuss the importance of individual personality, and how knowing Jesus personally effects individual behavior. Dr Fischer states, â€Å"You cannot fully understand organizational behavior until you understand how unique individuals made in God’s image were made to interact with one another, and how sin, but for God’s grace, can taint that process of interaction† (Fischer, 2006). The†¦show more content†¦My score indicated that I display more characteristics of creativity, which surprised me. My view of creative thinking has been skewed towards individuals suchs as musicians, actors, writers, and artists. According to Robbins and Judge, â€Å"Both companies and business schools are trying to increase the creative potential of their employees and graduates† (Robbins and Judge, 2009). I thought about the changes I have planned, organized, and implemented as an employee and more recently as a manager in my organization. I created programs for heart failure patients and cancer patients. I restructured staff compensation to motivate them, but also lowered labor costs and implemented new ideas to increase non-dues revenue (Personal Training, Massage Therapy, Guest Fees, and Group Exercise Classes). All these ideas take ingenuity; a trait that I did not realize I preferred before completing this assessment. As stated in the analysis, â€Å"Fo r Managers, creativity is useful in decision making. It helps them to see problems and alternatives that others might not† (Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2008). Part II: Working with Others In section two the assessments analyzed my potential to communicate with others, leadership and team skills, and power and conflict skills. I have always considered myself a strong communicator because of my outgoing personality and my likeability, but after reviewing the

Anxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders - 1224 Words

Anxiety is defined as a persistent fear that occurs in the absence of a threat. Anxiety and fear are typical human reactions that can be exaggerated. When an individual’s anxiety interferes with their everyday life, it is then referred to as an anxiety disorder. There are five classes of anxiety disorder, which include: generalized anxiety disorder, phobic anxiety disorder, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is not a specific cause to anxiety disorder instead there are psychological, social, and biological factors that all contribute to the disorder’s etiology. Anxiety disorder can be defined using the biopsychosocial model, however I believe most of the significance should be emphasized on the biological factors that contribute to this disorder. Since all anxiety disorders are associated with a feeling of anxiety, such as fear or worry, we cannot ignore the importance of the environmental factors that may cause thi s stress. However, the environment must act upon an individual’s susceptibility to the disorder, which is why the biological aspect gains a larger significance. By looking at the biological factors of anxiety disorder, we are also able to gain better insight for pharmacological treatments. The biological etiology of anxiety disorder can be further separated into a genetic, neurotransmitter, and inflammatory response component. According to Dogan (2012), these components are interrelated because anShow MoreRelatedThe Anxiety Disorder ( Anxiety )1126 Words   |  5 Pages A Psychology disorder known as anxiety disorder, is the most common in the United States. In a result of, 18% of 40 million people suffers from anxiety. However, there are six different types of anxiety disorders in the results of stress, depression, social interaction, obsessive compulsive, and phobia. Which characteristic functions as a natural part of life, that can be treated thought several methods. Anxiety is a feeling of numerous of things, whether its danger or a sense of threat andRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders2598 Words   |  11 PagesFor a huge amount of people, anxiety is a normal response to everyday stress. It’s a normal emotion that everyone goes through at a certain points in their lives. Many people feel anxious or nervous when facing problems at work, school, etc. Anxiety disorders however, are super different. They can cause such distress that interferes with a person’s ability to live a normal life. Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders in the United States. About 27.6 million people in the URead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1868 Words   |  8 Pagesof both physical and mental development. Mood disorders are often overlooked during this time for the brain becoming more developed; however among children, anxiety disorders seem to be the most common disorders to be experienced (Nelson; Israel , pg 112). Barlow (2002) defines anxiety as a future-oriented emotion that is characterized by the inability to be in control and predict future events that can be potentially dangerous to the individual. Anxiety shares commonalities with fear, but the differenceRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition for anxiety from a text book stand point. Someone that has or has experienced anxiety would describe it differently. An anxiety problem can be developed through genetics, past life events, and personality. Anxiety can be broken down into six different branches: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often have increased anxiety over somethingRead MoreThe Anxiety Disorders : Social Anxiety Disorder2032 Words   |  9 PagesClient Goal There are many adolescences that suffer from anxiety that interferes with them performing in the school setting, and often affects their behavior and grades. One of these anxiety disorders is social anxiety disorder, which is â€Å"characterized by significant discomfort and avoidance of social or performance situations† (Ryan Warner, 2012, p. 105). Studies have found that â€Å"recent estimates indicate that 6% of children and 12.1% of adolescents meet criteria for this diagnosis† (Ryan Read MoreAnxiety Disorder3897 Words   |  16 Pageson Anxiety Disorder Jeffrey S. Fletcher, M.A. Kathleen B. Stinger Psychopathology and Counseling, Coun 656 4, May 2014 Author Note Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Student, Liberty University. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Jfletcher1@liberty.edu Abstract This research paper is designed to review articles and books of professional journals in anxiety disorders, definition of anxiety disorder, review of current and past treatments of anxiety disordersRead MoreState Anxiety And Anxiety Disorders3266 Words   |  14 Pagesincrease in research on anxiety. Ever since, special clinics have been introduced in order to help deal with anxiety disorders. It is suggested that the growth in research is due to anxiety being regarded as one of the most prominent and pervasive emotions, causing distress and negatively affecting large numbers of people. As stated by Rachman (2004), anxiety is described as the experience of unpleasant feelings and the unsettling anticipation of a threatening but vague event. Anxiety can be experiencedRead MoreAnxiety Disorders And Social Anxiety Disorder1384 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses in the U.S, affecting 18% of the adult population. Among that population, Social Pho bia or Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the second most common disorder, affecting 6.8% adults (ADAA, 2015). The onset of SAD generally happens around ages 13 up to 18, when people are more susceptible to the disorder. According to the American Psychological Association (2012), a Phobia is an anxiety disorder involving a persistent fear of an object, place orRead MoreThe And Social Anxiety Disorder1087 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DERMATILLOMANA AND SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORER 1 Dermatillomana and Social Anxiety disorder Brittany J Duncan Antelope Valley College Instructor Richard Manley Abnormal Psychology 234 DERMATILLOMANA AND SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORER 2 Impulsive control disorders consist of many different mental illnesses but one caught my attention which was skin picking also known as Dermatillomana. Dermatillomana is an impulsive disorder where one might find him or herselfRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder921 Words   |  4 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder is a disorder that I struggle with personally. It is when a person has a tense feeling of stress, and anxiety for long periods of time without any real cause of it. Even though everyone has fears, and has stress from time to time it isn’t harmful unless the anxiety and stress is keeping someone from living their life, and relaxing. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is different from other anxiety disorders because panic attacks rarely occur, and instead an overpowering sense

Persuasive Letter Draft for Business Operations- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePersuasive Letter Draft for Business Operations. Answer: To the Professor, It is to bring to your notice that I have attended classes ion the semester. I had taken up your classes on the Business operations and management and I was filled with youir lectures and the modules which helped me in making considerable progress in my carrier building. Although, I did find the subjects quite challenging and innovative, it was through the constant effort that I could excel in my assessments and clear the possible challenges. The most intriguing part was, the way in which you delivered your lectures. It helped a lot in understanding the subject and gripping over the requirements. I would not be taking much of your time sir, because I know you are a busy man. The letter ios to seek your help into a matter concerning my carrier. I am looking for a job in a company for the post of assistant manager. The sole purpose of this mil is to make you aware that I require a letter of recommendation in order to make myself familiar with the comapny and thereby make use of the recommendation as a positive influence on the recruiting team. I have been requeting my inmates about the recommendation therefore I thought of asking one from you in order to make sure that I find myself a strong recommendation which will help me in getting employed at ease. The most important consideration that is being undertaken by me in order toi make use of the recommendations are based on the requirements of the organizations. The organization in which I am looking fprward to get employed requires a strong recommendation. I thought you are probably the best paerson to get recommended from. The refore, I am writing this letter to you asking for the favor. I request you to recommend me to the company, although the most important part of the discussion is based on the decision you take as to the recommendation. The decision you take shall be final therefore if you donot feel comfortable to write me a recommendation please donot feel obligated. I understand the issues and therefore obligation at your part is not required. I thank you for taking the time to consider my request. Sincerely, (Name of the sender) ( Date: )

The Malleable Person Essay Example

The Malleable Person Essay In science, malleable refers to the property of metals to be bent and extended so that its shape could be changed accordingly. Pressure is usually applied to the malleable material to reshape it like in the case of plastic and leather. Malleable metals like gold and copper, meanwhile, are melted so that it could be bent. If the term is attributed to a person, malleability refers to a personality trait where one can easily change his taste, temperament and attitude according to the situation at hand. The person could have prepared himself beforehand thus he is said to have easily adapted to the situation, or it is something unexpected yet he easily faces the event and gets through it without much difficulty. A malleable person is not easily flustered since he is emotionally and psychologically-equipped to face uncertainties, get along well with anyone, and easily accept changes and surprises. It is advantageous to be malleable when one is thrust in unexpected circumstances. For instance, when the family moves into a new neighborhood, it is easier for the malleable person to adapt to the new environment, new home, make friends with the neighbors, and simply fit in. The malleable person could also accept new ideas more readily, and thus could be expected to be more open-minded about things and receptive to different opinions coming from others. I find this true every time I receive criticisms from others. By being malleable, I can accept these criticisms, even the negative ones, and try to use them constructively to improve myself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Malleable Person specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Malleable Person specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Malleable Person specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Malleability, however, has its disadvantages to the individual. A person may be asked to do something that is morally wrong or against his values and being malleable, it would be easier for him to accept the necessity of the deed rather than hold fast to his values and refuse. The malleable person could easily be convinced with a little persuasion or rationalization from others. Furthermore, when one has done something bad, it is easier for him to move on and not be plagued by guilt. Personally, malleability has caused me to succumb to peer pressure and do things that I regretted later on. One should learn, therefore, to know when to be malleable and when to be stubborn and unchanging. This personal trait, after all, is not a plus for all situations.

Using Perl Chr() and Ord() Functions

Using Perl Chr() and Ord() Functions The Perl programming languages  chr() and ord() functions are used to convert characters into their ASCII or Unicode values and vice versa. Chr() takes an ASCII or Unicode value and returns the equivalent character, and ord() performs the reverse operation by converting a character to its numeric  value.   Perl Chr() Function The chr() function returns the character represented by the number specified. For example: #!/usr/bin/perl print chr (33) print /n; print chr (36) print /n; print chr (46) print /n; When this code is executed, it produces this result: ! $ Note: The characters from 128 to 255  are by default not encoded as UTF-8 for backward compatibility reasons. Perls Ord() Function The ord() function does the opposite. It takes a character and converts it into its ASCII or Unicode numeric value. #!/usr/bin/perl print ord (A); print /n; print ord  (a); print /n; print ord  (B); print /n; When executed, this returns: 65 97 66 You can confirm the results are accurate  by checking an ASCII Code Lookup Table online. About Perl Perl was created in the mid-80s, so it was a mature programming language long before websites exploded in popularity. Perl  was originally designed for text processing, and it is compatible with HTML and other markup languages, so it quickly became popular with website developers. Perls strength lies in its ability to interact with its environment and its cross-platform compatibility. It can easily open and manipulate many files within the same program.

Brief Overview of The Freedmens Bureau

Brief Overview of The Freedmens Bureau The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, also known as the Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 to assist newly freed African-Americans and displaced whites following the Civil War. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided freed African-Americans and whites with shelter, food, employment assistance, and education. The Freedmen’s Bureau is considered the first federal agency devoted to the social welfare of Americans.   Why was the Freedmen's Bureau Established? In February of 1862, abolitionist and journalist George William Curtis wrote to the Treasury Department suggesting that a federal agency be established to help formerly enslaved people. The following month, Curtis published an editorial advocating for such an agency. As a result, abolitionists such as Francis Shaw began lobbying for such an agency. Both Shaw and Curtis assisted Senator Charles Sumner draft the Freedmen’s Bill- one of the first steps to establishing the Freedmen’s Bureau. Following the Civil War, the South was devastatedfarms, railroads, and roads had all been destroyed, and there were an estimated four million African-Americans who had been freed yet had no food or shelter. Many were also illiterate and wanted to attend school.   Congress established the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. This agency was also known as the Freedmen’s Bureau in March 1865. Created as a temporary agency, the Freedmen’s Bureau was part of the War Department, which was headed by General Oliver Otis Howard. Providing assistance to both African-Americans and whites who were displaced following the Civil War, the Freedmen’s Bureau offered shelter, basic medical care, job assistance and educational services.   Andrew Johnson's Opposition to the Freedmen's Bureau Just one year after its establishment, Congress passed another Freedmen’s Bureau Act. As a result, the Freedmen’s Bureau was not only going to present for another two years, but the U.S. Army was commanded to protect the civil rights of African-Americans in former Confederate states. However, former President  Andrew Johnson  vetoed the bill. Soon after Johnson sent Generals John Steedman and Joseph Fullerton to tour sites of the Freedmen’s Bureau. The purpose of the generals’ tour was to reveal that the Freedmen’s Bureau was unsuccessful. Nevertheless, many southern African-Americans supported the Freedmen’s Bureau because of the aid and protection provided.   Congress passed the Freedmen’s Bureau Act for the second time in July of 1866. Although Johnson vetoed the act again, Congress overrode his action. As a result, the Freedmen’s Bureau Act became law.   What Other Obstacles Did the Freedmen's Bureau Face? Despite the resources that the Freedmen’s Bureau was able to provide to newly freed African-Americans and displaced whites, the agency faced many problems. The Freedmen’s Bureau never received enough funding to provide for people in need. In addition, the Freedmen’s Bureau only had an estimated 900 agents throughout southern states. And in addition to the opposition that Johnson presented in the existence of the Freedmen’s Bureau, white southerners appealed to their political representatives at the local and state levels to end the work of the Freedmen’s Bureau. At the same time, many white northerners opposed the idea of providing relief solely to African-Americans following the Civil War.   What Led to the Demise of the Freedmen's Bureau? In July of 1868, Congress passed a law that closed the Freedmen’s Bureau. By 1869, General Howard had ended most of the programs associated with the Freedmen’s Bureau. The only program that remained in operation was its educational services.  The Freedmen’s Bureau closed completely in 1872. Following the closing of the Freedmen’s Bureau, editorialist George William Curtis wrote, No institution was ever more imperatively necessary, and none has been more useful.  Additionally, Curtis agreed with the argument that the Freedmen’s Bureau had averted a â€Å"war of races,† which allowed the South to rebuild itself following the Civil War.

MKT301 MOD 3 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MKT301 MOD 3 CA - Essay Example Based on the fact that, promotion is an essential in the development of a marketing plan, this consists of a marketing mix. Market mix is a phenomenon developed by Jerome where he outlined the four classifications which are positively correlated. In this mix, the success of any products depends on the four classifications that are; promotion, product, place and price. Every element in this mix is equally important as the other; thus there is a need to implement a promotion strategy so to increase the sales of the product (Ferrell and Hartline 52). In this scenario, we select pepper spray and a holiday in beach resort as the product and black women aged between 18 and 30 years and gay women as the target market. In this paper, we will discuss the appropriate strategy the concerned firms can implement so as to increase sales at the outlined target market. In addition, this paper will compare and contrast the promotional discussed outlining similarity and differences. About seventy percent of black women reside in areas which are considered to have high levels of insecurity; therefore, they usually demand personal security products thus offering pepper spray will be of great benefits. In the case of pepper spray, the most appropriate promotion mix would be to showcase the exclusiveness of pepper spray as the personal security product. Therefore in this case messaging or rather a slogan will be effective in reinforcing the benefit that pepper spray offers to the customers. The slogan should be designed such that it also helps the company in the process of developing an effective positioning strategy. Another possible strategy is through personal selling; in this case, the promotion is conducted where the product is sold one to one. Through personal selling, the seller or the manufacture has a chance to offer additional information to the customer or even to potential consumers of the product, thus

Future of Japanese Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Future of Japanese Economy - Essay Example Though, very soon they recovered it with 10% average of economic growth in 1960s, 5% during 1970s and closer to 4% in 1980s, but after that, growth slowed down remarkably3. Strong working mentality, good government-industry relationship and implementation of advanced technology were the most favorable reasons responsible for making Japan stand on to the platform of one of the largest economy in the world from post WWII till 80s. Resultant of overinvestment in late 80s and crisis in world oil supply brought another challenge to their economy4. It became necessary for Japan to switch from mobilized productionism to more substantial welfare economy. However, the oscillation between successful drive of the export in late 80s and bang in economy after 80s hazed that requirement and mobilized economic system disappeared very soon5. After the fading away of stock inflation and land prices, an excess of production capacity remained. This factor lowered the profitability of the production and on the other hand, bad loan weakened the financial activity. Government's effort in recovering that downfall was not up to that level and it's clear from the statistics of economy for the duration of 2000-20016. Hence, it is inferred that Japan is in a state of distorted industrial policy and in urgent need of a revolution. The main aim of this paper is to address the main obstacles that Japan is facing and then to state the possible solutions to overcome them. Obstacles in Japanese Economy Japan is facing resistances now-a-days that it had never encountered before. Growth rate which used to be in two digit figure just after war, now expectation growth is below 1% which is too unsure. Country that had incredible unemployment rate till 1980s has now rose to 4.8%. Present crisis of its economy consists of short or middle-term problems like; financial difficulty, trade cycle and public finance. Other than that long term problems are there which are related to going into matured stage of progress. One of the important aspects of Japanese economy is its iron triangle which dominated the people by managing their particular interests. However, due to the changing of technologies and human preferences that system is losing its supremacy. After 1990s when the economy condition is at matured stage, safety and stability becomes the main points of concern; but 'iron triangle'7 sometimes might block the transformation in the required direction. The creation of societal life is supposed to be the center of long term task of Japanese economic society. The population of Japan is expected to reach its peak in 2007 and then turn to decrease which may lead to the composition of population over sixty-five to surpass 20% in the target year of the total population and after that reach the high plateau over 27%-30% after 20 years. This effects the shifting in arrangement of consumption in industries. But, the question here comes whether pure market economy will be able to adapt this shift in consumption as market is driven by profit seeking

Finding Forrester Essay Example for Free

Finding Forrester Essay As we all go through life, things may happen during our lives, big or small, that can affect yourself or others in different ways. In Finding Forrester an average sixteen year old boy is going through his life with some obstacles, and he carries them through very well. He is a very intelligent and gifted student that was helped along the way and as well as helping another person on their way too. Jamal Wallace, coming from the playground on the streets, gets accepted to attend Mailor- Callow, not only for his skills on the basketball court, but also for being a gifted student. Jamal loves to write and read books, but never has any serious help in that area. While just going along with his life as the average student, he is very talented on the basketball court-Until he meets an older man by the name of William Forrester. William is a very talented writer who is famous, but hiding from the world. William Forrester is a man hidden from the world just as Jamal’s intellectually gifted ability was. William’s a well-known professional writer, but does not get out or publish books anymore. He stays hidden and away from the world as much as possible; and doesn’t want anybody to know where he lives or that he is still around, as he likes to stay recluse. But Jamal comes along, it all changes slowly but surely. William and Jamal come together by writing when William helps him out at random with a paper and notes of William. So William did help with Jamal’s work and writing under certain circumstances. Jamal is not to let anybody know where Forrester lives or to ask questions about his personal life. They learn a lot from one another from writing and proof reading, yet being two opposite people. Jamal and William grow closer together through time and Jamal talks William into going out with him to a basketball game since he has not been out in so long, but William has an anxiety attack from this. So they leave and Jamal takes him to the Yankee Stadium as a great surprise. After that, William opens up to him, telling him about his life and why he is the way he is today, and all he is gone through that has affected him today. After that, William gives him essays of his own to help Jamal write his own as long as he didn’t use, or take out anything that was Williams work. Jamal ended up breaking the promise that tested their friendship that they have grown to have. A teacher of Jamal’s that he has not got along with through his school year for the teachers arrogance. Mr. Craward studies Jamal’s work hard and found the mistake he had made of taking Williams work and busts Jamal for copying work that could result in Jamal losing his scholarship and everything else he earned. If William did not help him through the situation and say that Jamal had his consent of using his work. William didn’t want anything to do with him or help because of the mistake Jamal made on his own for breaking their promise which was hard for Jamal to do in the first place. Jamal wrote a letter to William that he received the day the time for the charges were going to be against him for stealing work. William ended up taking his side and helping him out in front of everybody which was a task on its own for him. Everybody now knew Jamal and William knew one another and William was now in the open. William thanked Jamal for his friendship because he couldn’t have done this without him. Now he can go live his life like he should have been all because of Jamal. He rekindles his life, and a year later William passes way leaving all his stuff to Jamal for everything he has done for him to go out and live the rest of William’s life. No matter your age or how old you are or where you come up from, you can make changes on peoples life in the best of way just by making that certain friendship.

Life of Pi :: essays research papers

Life of Pi Pi Patel is on a ship to a whole new world. He’s leaving his whole world behind except the zoo, it‘s on board with him. When awoken by a sound, Pi goes to explore. He finds that the ship is sinking and before he can wake his family he is thrown into a lifeboat. A zebra falls into the lifeboat, breaking its leg. Without truly realizing what he is doing, Pi helps Richard Parker onto the lifeboat. Then he realizes, he is on a lifeboat with a 450 pound Bengal tiger. Pi builds a raft out of oars and life jackets so that he can stay a safe distance from the lifeboat. The lifeboat doesn’t seem to have the tiger on it at all. Just a zebra and a hyena and orangutan. The hyena attacks both zebra and orangutan and then the tiger appears. He is sleek and quiet about his approach. None the less, Pi Patel is now alone on a lifeboat with Richard Parker. He wonders how he will survive with a tiger. Pi decides that it would be best to keep the tiger alive, to act as the alpha. He trains Richard Parker to understand which space belongs to who. Pi uses a solar power water filter for fresh water and fishes for food. He feeds himself and the tiger. This keeps them at more of a alpha relationship because Richard Parker knows where his food and water come from. When there is no fish to caught and no more supplies, the only option is to starve for that day. Finally, Pi and Richard Parker land on an island. It is a very mysterious place. The trees seem to grow straight out of the algae and the meerkats do no seem to be afraid of anything. There are fresh water ponds and for some reason Richard Parker always returns to the lifeboat at night to sleep. Pi finds out the algae is acidic and that’s why Richard Parker sleeps in the boat at night.

The Acl Injury Pathology Health And Social Care Essay

Before we begin to measure Mr. Lachmans hurt, we foremost need to hold an apprehension of the ligament that we suspect has been affected ; the anterior cruciate liagament ( ACL ) . The ACL is one of four major ligaments found in the articulatio genus, the others being the Posterior Cruciate Ligament ( PCL ) , Medial Collateral Ligament ( MCL ) and Lateral Collateral Ligament ( LCL ) , and it ‘s function is to forestall anterior tibial supplanting ; or send on motion of the shinbone from underneath the thighbone. ( Gray ‘s Anatomy )DefinitionAn anterior cruciate ligament hurt ( ACL ) is the overstretching or lacrimation of the anterior cruciate ligament located in the articulatio genus articulation. It is the most often lacerate ligament of the articulatio genus harmonizing to a reappraisal of the literature by ( Beynnon et al 2005 )EtiologyAn ACL hurt normally takes topographic point in athleticss that require crisp motions and sudden fillet gestures. Mr Lachman plays hoc key and this is decidedly a athletics that would fall into that class. The existent hurt, normally occurs when you all of a sudden decelerate down or change your way whilst your pes is planted steadfastly on the land, which can take to writhing of the articulatio genus. Other incidents Landing awkwardly from a leap can besides wound your ACL, as can falls during declivitous skiing. A football tackle or motor vehicle accident besides can do an ACL hurt. However, most ACL hurts occur without such contactSigns and symptomsImmediately post hurt, the country around the articulatio genus may exhibit swelling. The topic will besides most likely experience instability of the articulatio genus and will happen weight bearing unbearable due to trouble. Many people have described an hearable popping noise in their articulatio genus at the minute of hurt.DiagnosisA thorough subjective and nonsubjective scrutiny from a physical therapist is normally sufficient to name an ACL tear. Probes such as an X ray, MRI scan or CT scan may be required to corroborate diagnosing and find the extent of harm or engagement of other constructions within the articulatio genusTreatmentDepending on the badness of your ACL hurt, intervention may include surgery to replace the lacerate ligament follo wed by rehabilitation exercisings to assist you recover strength and stableness.ComplicationsPeoples who experience an ACL hurt are at higher hazard of developing articulatio genus degenerative arthritis, in which joint gristle deteriorates and its smooth surface roughens. Arthritis may happen even if you have surgery to retrace the ligament.PrognosisWith appropriate direction, most patients with a minor to chair ACL tear ( grades 1 and 2 ) can return to feature or normal activity within 2 – 8 hebdomads. Patients with a complete rupture of the ACL will often necessitate surgical Reconstruction followed by a drawn-out rehabilitation period of 6 – 12 months or longer to derive optimal map. Patients who besides have harm to other constructions of the articulatio genus such as the semilunar cartilage or collateral ligaments are likely to hold an drawn-out rehabilitation period. Beynnon B D Johnson R J Abate J A Fleming B C Nichols C E ( 2005 ) ‘Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Part I. ‘ The ACL is the most often, wholly disrupted ligament in the knee,196 and although this hurt is comparatively uncommon in the general population,64 it occurs often in sports, peculiarly among female jocks. 19,20,120 Although the incidence rate of ACL cryings for female jocks scopes between 2.4 and 9.7 times greater than that of male jocks viing in similar activities ( Table 1 ) , Â § overall, there are more ACL Reconstructions performed on males in the United States because more males take part in at-risk athleticss, for illustration, American football.227 The lone survey on the prevalence of ACL hurts in the general population has estimated the one-year incidence rate as 1 hurt for every 3500 people, ensuing in about 95 000 new ACL breaks per twelvemonth in the United States.64,191 This estimation is low because more than 100 000 ACL Reconstructions are performed per twelvemonth in the United States.227 The ACL is one of the most of import ligaments of the articulatio genus, giving it stableness. The ACL achieves this function by forestalling inordinate distortion, straightening of the articulatio genus ( hyperextension ) and forward motion of the shinbone on the thighbone. When these motions are inordinate and beyond what the ACL can defy, rupturing to the ACL occurs. This status is known as an ACL tear and may run from a little partial tear ensuing in minimum hurting, to a complete rupture of the ACL ensuing in important hurting and disablement, and, potentially necessitating surgery. An ACL tear can be graded as follows: Grade 1 tear: a little figure of fibers are lacerate ensuing in some hurting but leting full map Grade 2 tear: a important figure of fibers are torn with moderate loss of map. Grade 3 tear: all fibers are ruptured ensuing in articulatio genus instability and major loss of map. Often other constructions are besides injured such as the semilunar cartilage or indirect ligaments. Surgery is frequently required.

Regulating Food Advertising and Freedom of Speech

Essay 2, Summary and Response Regulating Food Advertising and Freedom of Speech Perspectives on Advertising and Children Summary— As the author of article â€Å"Regulating Food Advertising to Children,† Margo G. Wootan proposes, â€Å"Responsible food marketing to children must address not only how food is marketed but also which foods are marketed to kids (334). † She believes that even in the absence of government control there should be some guideline for food marketing to act responsibly and not encourage children to eat foods that are harmful to their health and well-being.Because of the increasing rate of childhood obesity in the United States, the author suggests a compromise approach between marketing techniques and nutritional criteria to be met for children up to the age of eighteen (333). Food marketing is extremely influential in children’s food choices since it attracts their attention with the appeal of contests, prizes, cartoon characters, a nd their celebrity icons.Although parents are a huge accountability for the food their children eat, Wootan believes it’s rather difficult for parents to compete with what marketing advertises as healthy as opposed to what parents consider is healthy for their children (333). The author suggests marketing being consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans with the reduction of calories, sodium, refined sugars, and saturated and trans fats in order to support not overeating with reasonable portion sizes directly and indirectly.Also, to stop and prevent unhealthy eating habits, food marketing should redesign products to improve their nutritional quality, including adding more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains presented in homes as well as school environments (335). As Wootan states, â€Å"The marketing of products that may not be nutritionally ideal but provide some positive nutritional benefit and that could help children meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americansâ €  is the ultimate compromise that benefits both food marketing and the health of today’s children (334).In â€Å"Advertising and Freedom of Speech: Beware of the Food Nanny,† author Robert Liodice justifies the importance of free speech by saying, â€Å"Trampling on the First Amendment, whether through government controls or unsupported self-regulatory edicts, should not even be on anyone’s radar screen as a way to solve problems. † Liodice believes CSPI overlooks a wide variety of factors beyond marketing that influence childhood food consumption (336). He thinks the guidelines on nutrition and marketing are so restrictive that it’s supported by flawed data and omit the significant, positive improvements food and marketing industries are taking.For example, the marketing industry established the Children’s Advertising Review Unit (CARU), which screens material that may be misleading and receives comments and concerns from the public for the past thirty years (336). The author states CSPI mentioned a claim that marketing targeted at kids has doubled in the last ten years, but neglects to explain food ads seen by children under the age of twelve declined by 13% in the last four years.Liodice insinuates CSPI’s narrow focus solely on food marketing misguides the public when other factors come into play because â€Å"there is no simple or quick answer to this multifaceted challenge,† as the Surgeon General concluded (337). Response— Based on both arguments on food marketing aimed towards children and freedom of speech, I understand where each author is coming from and I agree with both to some extent. Wootan’s article makes a valid point that there are many factors that affect food choices, but food choices are mainly influential by persuasive and attractive food marketing.Companies have extensive expertise and efficient skills to lure children into wanting a line of products that may not be as nutritional but is portrayed as desirable. I also agree that some of Wootan’s claims are invalid due to the lack of details and evidence compared to Liodice’s more specified examples and statistics on food marketing and their effectiveness. Because food marketing is Wootan’s only topic of debate, she disregards the other many factors that affect food choices by not elaborating upon them.For example, American consumers have full knowledge of the importance of personal and parental responsibility, public education, dietary balance and moderation, and of course, physical activity; yet Wootan only focuses on the negatives of food marketing when all these factors are just as imperative in addressing the issues of childhood nutrition and obesity. In my opinion, Robert Liodice is correct in advocating free speech to be the basis of choice and personal responsibility.Everyone has a right their own opinion, however, I don’t see the problem with the help of gov ernment control for some guidance with the public in order to educate them of a healthier lifestyle. With a set of guidelines, it will help set a standard for people to follow. Marketing and advertising cannot persuade everyone to eat healthier because they can only do so much to expose people of the advantages and benefits of a nutritional diet—that is if people even pay attention to food advertisement.Healthy eating habits will all boil down to the individual deciding whether or not to put nutritional food in their mouth. Works Cited Wootan, Margo G. â€Å"Regulating Food Advertising to Children. † Think: Critical Thinking andLogic Skills for Everyday Life. 2nd ed. Ed. Judith A. Boss. New York: McGraw-Hill,2012. 333-335. Print. Liodice, Robert. â€Å"Advertising and Freedom of Speech: Beware of the Food Nanny. † Think:Critical Thinking and Logic Skills for Everyday Life. 2nd ed. Ed. Judith A. Boss. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 2012. 335-337. Print.

Marketing Research and How Marketing Information system is Organized in Middlesex Insurance Company

Marketing Research and How Marketing Information system is Organized in Middlesex Insurance Company Middlesex Insurance Company conducts market research on demand to help the management make informed decisions on available products, new products and market trends and segmentation. Market research also helps in identifying specific product attributes that match the capabilities of the target market.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Marketing Research and How Marketing Information system is Organized in Middlesex Insurance Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Market research on available products also assists the firm address matters relating to accessibility, prices and effectiveness. Market research is an indicator of activities that complement insurance as well as revealing people’s perception, understanding and trust of insurance. This is important to Kate Farm because of the uptake and designing and conducting customer awareness and marketing strategies. Middlesex Insurance Company’s re search plan guides the collection and analysis of data in the following ways; the research team outlines the research objectives, the audience, and how the results will be used. The team defines the key questions and points out the primary and secondary sources the information to be used. The research team then makes a decision on the method they intend to use in data collection, then determine and document the procedure for participants’ selection. Data analyzing plan is developed and a timeline set for the process. The team members assign themselves roles and responsibilities for conducting the research. They organize logistics, schedule collection of data, design data collection tools such as interview guides and analysis matrices. The team collects data, some of the main data collection techniques are Mail questionnaire telephone interview, personal interview and online interview (Kotler Keller, 2009). After collecting data, they analyze it, draft a report and finally dr aw a final report to the management. According to Talvinen (1994), marketing information system inform the management on the current market trend. Middlesex Insurance Company has developed an effective long-term marketing strategy which is very helpful and important for every organization that wants to get and attract the necessary audience according to Shaw and Stone (). This strategy is aimed at adding more clients on their book within twelve months. The organization uses a guide on’ how to save on insurance’ as a lead generator. This guide is sent via sales letters, newsletters, handouts, emails, endorsement and direct mail marketing. Prospective clients continuously receive mails until they respond positively.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Middlesex Insurance Company offers good content in the mailed offer so as not to bore the recipien ts, those who do not respond within two weeks, are put in another marketing funnel. A newsletter is sent to them, then a follow up with another guide, they are kept in the newsletter system. Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning, and Dealing with Competition Middlesex Insurance Company provides property and casualty policy cover, therefore, it targets two customer segments, home and automobile buyers. Kotler and Keller (2009) classify this consumer segment as demographic consumer market. Demographic consumer market adopts demographics to understand consumers. In this segmentation, consumers are categorized according to their age, race, gender, income, education, family size, family life cycle,occupation. According to American Housing Survey(2006), first time home buyers averaged thirty-three years with a household income of approximately sixty-four thousand dollars a year. Middlesex Insurance Company’s customers are generally aged between 30 and 50 years, with a majority below 40 years. Move up homebuyers earned substantially higher than first time buyers, most doubled the average earned by first time buyers. Most customers who were first timers bought homes covering 1500 square feet. These houses were also single family homes as many of them were married with children. Eleven percent of the customers bought town homes and another eleven percent insuring condominiums. The move uppers bought slightly larger homes with a large percentage moving into detached homes, eight percent moving to town homes and another eight percent insuring condominiums. On the other hand, Aizcorbe, Bridgeman and Nalewaik (2009), one’s willingness to pay for a vehicle depended on their household income.They listed other factors to be considered as educational attainment and age. Middlesex Insurance Company’s customers in 2010 who insured 2011 model-year cars had $ 8000 more income than households who bought 2010 model-year cars.Advertising We will write a cu stom research paper sample on Marketing Research and How Marketing Information system is Organized in Middlesex Insurance Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those who bought newer model-year in 2010 had $ 5000 more income and in 2011, newer model year owners earned about $ 6000 more income. In all cases, owners of newer model year cars earned significantly higher income compared to owners of the older year models. Product and Service Middlesex Insurance Company demonstrates an effective and efficient service delivery to the client base by offering best offers at affordable rate (Sawhney, Balasubramanian, Krishnan, 2004).The company has evaluated sales and profits related with each offer (Kotler Keller, 2009). It provides homeowner’s insurance that combines certain personal insurance such as loss that occur to the house, the house’s content, loss of the house use, loss of homeowner possessions and also insurance against accidents that occur at the home or at the homeowners hands within the territory of the policy. Types of policies Middlesex Insurance Company offers three types of homeowners’ insurance policies. Basic form homeowner policy Middlesex Insurance Company offers this insurance policy against eleven listed perils. This include â€Å"fire, storms or hailstones, vandalism or malicious mischief, theft, destruction from automobile and aircraft, explosion riot or civil strife, glass breakage, smoke, volcanic activity, and personal liability. Exceptions include floods, earthquakes.† Broad form homeowner policy This is a more advanced policy that gives coverage against seventeen perils that include the eleven listed above. The policy covers named perils and indicates the event that would be covered. Special form homeowner policy This is the most comprehensive policy cover offered by Middlesex Insurance Company. The policy covers all risks associated with homeownership. It is mostl y used for single-family homes.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Middlesex Insurance Company also offers three main types of auto insurance. Comprehensive coverage This insurance policy cover damages the customer’s car that are not caused by other motorists. These include damage to the whole car, or parts from such events as fire, theft, storms, tornado, floods and hail. It also covers the car in event of hitting an animal. This policy is optional and purchased for vehicles that are worth more than $ 1000. This policy coverage does not raise the premium and the policy owner has the option to choose from deductible amount. Collision coverage This policy covers the vehicle against physical damage because of collision. In this case, if the policy owner crashes, the insurance will pay to fix the vehicle. This policy cover is optional and the monthly deductibles range between $ 200 and $1000. This policy is ideal for vehicles worth more than $ 4000 and policy owners who have no accident history. Pricing Middlesex Insurance Company sets insuranc e rates 10% below market rates to attract customers (Baye, Gatti, Rupert, Kattuman, Morgan, 2007). In addition to this, other factors are significant in calculating prices. In case of homeowner insurance, the following are considered: the company selected this price setting method in line with research done and available data on risks connected to homeownership (Kotler Keller, 2009). Location Where the customer lives is a factor to be considered. Middlesex Insurance Company gather claims experience based on location and use this to adjust the premiums. For instance if a customer lives in high theft area then they will pay more. Coverage The more the cover purchased the higher the premium will be. For example, a $50,000 insurance policy is less expensive than $85,000 policy. In addition, a town house insurance policy will be less expensive than a condominium. Other considerations will be a customer’s customization of their insurance policy with optional coverage’s, li ke a bicycle, these will increase the premium. Proximity to fire station The closer a customer lives to the fire station the lesser the premium on the policy. The company assumes that the property stands a greater chance of being saved from fire. Amount of deductibles The more the customer pays on the deductibles the lower the premium will be. For example if the standard policy deductible is $500 and the customer chooses to pay $ 1000, this definitely reduces the premium. Security features Having a safe home environment is advantageous especially in calculating premiums. Installation of alarm systems, smoke detectors, carbon detectors and other security features will reduce insurance premiums. The following factors determine the pricing of auto insurance: Age Policy owners who are younger than 25 year of age pay more rates. In the insurance industry, research indicates that younger drivers get into more accidents as compared to older ones. Drivers Record The policyholder’s dr iving record is critical in determining the amount to be paid. The more traffic violations the higher the premiums. They however drop every year that violation is not reported. Place of residence If the customer lives in a city where crime is reportedly high, the rates will be high. This is because the likelihood of a crime affecting the customer’s car indicates the likelihood of that customer making acclaim. Make and model of the vehicle The type of car the customer insures will determine the amount of premium. A customer driving a sports car will pay more because it is more likely to get broken into. Marketing Channels Middlesex Insurance Company uses agents as the main marketing channel. The company sells 80% of policies through this channel. According to Kotler and Keller (2009), these are independent organizations involved in the process of making the products available to the customers. The agents owe the company a number of duties these include: the agents perform the tasks specified by the agency and not to perform unauthorized tasks. The agents discharge duties with caution and due diligence, the agent does not engage in conduct that benefits them to the detriment of the company. The agents should not accept inconsistent obligations with the work owed to the company. The agents can represent the conflicting interests of other companies only after full disclosure and with consent of Middlesex Insurance Company. The agents should not take advantage of their position in transactions for their own interests rather than for the interests of the company. An agent should not usurp the company’s opportunities by passing them on to a third party. The company makes full disclosure of all information relevant to transactions that the agents are allowed to perform. The company also pays the agent as stipulated in the agreements. The laws of the United States of America regulate the relationship between the agents and Middlesex Insurance Company (Ran dall, 1999). Marketing Communications Middlesex Insurance Company deploys marketing strategies to attract prospective customers. The company pursues to have a target audience by developing creative messages that they will receive without resistance (Kotler Keller, 2009). The company has contracted a firm to undertake direct mail pieces in the target audience area. The target audience receives regular sales materials as well as newsletters. This is done every two weeks. The company also creates personalized advertisements that are emailed to customers. The internet is one of the latest techniques the company has employed in marketing. The company is investing in a zip code exclusive online advertizing to get unique exposure. The company’s website developer has initiated the construction work. Through the internet host, they intend to link the agents’ sites to the Company’s Website. Here agents act as Intermediaries who facilitate advertisers as well as consumers linking with each other (Rochet Tirole, 2003). This way it stands to reach target audience as more people are using the internet and searching for insurance. â€Å"Web-based sellers use online advertising to drive consumers directly to their sites where they can browse for goods and services and purchase them with a few clicks. Online advertising accounted for 8.8 percent of all advertising in the United States in 2008† (Hallerman, 2008). According to Evans (2009), internet based sellers use advertizing to attract consumers directly to their websites where they check for products and buy them with a click of the mouse. Middlesex Insurance Company is continuously looking to find new agents to work with. It advertises in the local newspaper in order to attract prospective agents. References Aizcorbe, A., Bridgeman, B., Nalewaik, J. (2009). Heterogeneous Car Buyers: A Stylized Fact. Finance and Economic Discussion Series Division of Research and Statistics and Monetary Affair s, 12. American Housing Survey. (2006). American housing survey: Current housing reports. Washington DC: U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. Baye, M., Gatti, J., Rupert, J., Kattuman, P., Morgan, J. (2007). A dashboard for online pricing. California Management Review, 202-216. Evans, D. (2009). The online advertizing industry: Economics, evolution and privacy. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(3), 37–60. Hallerman, D. (2008). US online advertising: Resilient in a rough economy: Summary. eMarkete. Kotler, P., Keller, K. (2009). Framework for Marketing Management. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Randall, S. (1999). Insurance Regulation in The United States: Regulatory Federalism and the National Association of Insurance Commission. Web. Rochet, J.-C., Tirole, J. (2003). Platform competition in Two Sided Markets. Journal of the European Economic Association , 990-1029. Sawhney, M., Balasubramanian, S., Krishnan, V. (2004). Creating growth with services. MI T Sloan Management Review, 34-43. Shaw, R., Stone, M. (1988). Database Marketing. Aldershot: Gower House. Talvinen, J. M. (1994). Information System in Marketing: Identifying Opportunity for New Application. European Journal of Marketing, 29(1), 8-26.

The Difference Between Un- and Dis-

The Difference Between Un- and Dis- The Difference Between Un- and Dis- The Difference Between Un- and Dis- By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about differences between the prefixes un- and dis-. The question is not easy to address. The prefix un- has been in the language longer than dis-. The Old English prefix on- (now spelled un-) was added to verbs to indicated a reversal of the action: wind/unwind bind/unbind fold/unfold do/undo This prefix has remained alive, giving us such verb opposites as: fasten/unfasten buckle/unbuckle cover/uncover wrap/unwrap Old English also had the prefix of negation un- that was added to adjectives, such as unborn and unburied. We continue to form negative adjectives in this way: unhappy unknown unwanted unavailable unconventional uncool unputdownable Dis- came into English during the Middle English period, along with many Latin and French words. The prefix dis- is related to bis, (two), and can be used in the sense of separation: disjoin disable In the course of centuries, distinctions between un- and dis- have blurred. Sometimes the prefixes are interchangeable. Sometimes not. Sometimes a perceived difference may exist only in the mind of the individual English speaker. Many speakers distinguish between disorganized and unorganized. Disorganized applies to the sort of person who stuffs receipts into the sock drawer and can never find the car keys. Unorganized applies to things which have not yet been arranged in an organized manner. By this reasoning, a person would be disorganized, but an office would be unorganized. At one time, unease and disease (first syllable stressed) could be used interchangeably with the meaning state of anxiety. Now disease (second syllable stressed) has taken on the meaning of illness. Angry arguments are waged over the differentiated meanings of uninterest and disinterest. The argument is that uninterested should be used with the sense of indifferent, lacking in interest, while disinterested should be used only when the intended meaning is impartial. Some argue against the distinction on historical grounds, but the perceived difference in modern usage is a useful one. When it comes to language, those who value logic above all else are just asking for elevated blood pressure. For example, the noun discontent is matched with the adjective discontented, but the adjective that corresponds to the noun discomfort is uncomfortable. About all one can safely say about the use of the prefixes un- and dis- is that their correct use is often a matter of idiom. The best way to master them is to read, listen, and look up questionable forms in a trustworthy dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"List of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and Adults10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Global strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Global strategic Management - Essay Example Due to innovative strategic management and product development, the company has experienced a rapid growth in domestic as well as international market. The company has identified a better and potential opportunities in international markets and hence, it has entered into major markets of Asia, Europe, Middle East etc. In the process of international expansion involves a number of issues relating to multiple macro-economic, specifically due to cultural diversity. Besides, the industry forces of is also prominent for determining the attractiveness of the industry. Industry for packaged gas and chemical manufacturing has a great economic importance as it offers very vital raw materials to other industries. The global gas and chemical manufacturing industry is becoming very competitive with increasing opportunities. However, the overall industry competition is quite attractive as higher availability of consumers comparing to international organisation. To cater the international market A ir product must use its strengths to counter the underlying opportunities. In this process, the foremost task is to identify the multiple factors influencing international business and the major factors are external forces (political, culture, market trend, geographic features etc) and consumer behaviours. Air product must assess these factors for framing proper strategies. However, the core organisational strategy should support international strategy and Air product must develop distinct strategy for each country. To identify the strategic direction for international market, it can use the nine strategic windows. Marketing mix should also be considers the feature of prevailing international market. The glocalisation strategy should be core essence of global strategic management and hence, it should acts as local company in international market with the international standards. To meet short term and specific aims, the functional strategies should focus on understanding the culture of the market and consumers. Moreover, it also needs to comply with legal frameworks to avoid the country related risks. 2. Introduction There have been significant changes in the nature of trade and business activities. The Industrial Revolution of 18th century can be considered as the first occurrence that changed the thought process of the entire world regarding industrialization. People and world economies have realized that industrialization is one of the most crucial tools for bringing economic and social developments within a country. In order to encourage industrialisation, economic policy makers have to take necessary initiatives so that people can use their entrepreneurial and productive skills. Besides, industrialization also requires multiple resources like labour, capital, materials etc and many countries are not self sufficient in this respect. Therefore, the world economies are inter-dependent on each other for their own benefits i.e. domestic market

Lin200 final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lin200 final - Assignment Example 24. Localization is about the examination and study of various parts of the brain that carries out specialized functions in the learning and mastery of language. This is because different parts of the brains carry out various functions and the use of MRI scans and other things show the development of matter around various parts of the brain. Researchers indicate that language acquisition significantly alters the brain and parts of it. The left hemisphere of the brain and right hemisphere have specialized functions they each perform. For example, the Broca’s area is known for syntax learning. 26. A. Nonrefundable: non-refund-able; Category – Compounding form adjective; Root – Refund; Bases – Refund (verb), Able (adjective), Non (Adjective). Inflectional Affix: â€Å"Non† negating â€Å"Refund†; Derivational Affix: the connection of the first two roots with â€Å"–able† gives it a state or form. 28. A. Coordination is a problem with this because crippled and landing are somewhat problematic; There are also topicalization issues and there is also a problem with the pro-form substitution so I think it fails the test; B. There are some coordination issues with this sentence. â€Å"Took† does not seem to get along well with â€Å"to the garage†. There seem to be some issues with pseudo-clefting in this sentence as well. The sentence is grammatically correct, but has some few gaps. 32. Linguistic Relativity: This is the view that the nature and structure of a given language defines the worldview of its speakers. It posits that language and its structure determines the thought of its speakers. An example is the case of languages being specialized in certain worldviews and thoughts and helping to promote certain activities. For instance, Hebrew is structured to ensure that its speakers tilt towards a given worldview of Judaism and Jewish customs. 33. Homographs are words

Communication Systems & EMC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Communication Systems & EMC - Essay Example However in the present day, new electronic communication devices are coming up every year. Also the proliferation of technology pertaining to telecommunication is presently witnessing a booming period. With the passage of time new innovations are coming up and the sector is getting better day by day. However along with development, the intensity of threats is also increasing. The risk factor is extremely high as compared to the early days. Hence it becomes an obligation to handle the threats which may come in different forms and from any of the aspects of communication. The report will mainly highlight the issues associated with electronic communication. In the course of the study, the current ICT infrastructure will be clearly portrayed. Furthermore the threats associated with the electronic communication that may take place due to climate change will be also portrayed. The report will also shed light on how the ICT sector will meet the increasing demand of the users to improve and increase the mobile coverage areas, improved machine to machine service and enhanced service of mobile internet. The dependency between the various types of communication approaches will be also emphasized. The types of communication to be covered in this context are wired communication, wireless communication and also communication with the help of fibre system. Lastly the report will illuminate the regulatory changes necessary to deal with such demands. In the present days electronic communication has became a necessity for the business houses. With rapid globalization and cross border transaction there is a growing need and usage of electronic communication throughout the world. Also electronic communication has become necessary for the purpose of managing overseas projects and provides training to the employees. The advancement of technology has facilitated organizations to communicate with their national as well as international division.

Foucaults Theory Of Power

Foucaults Theory Of Power The entire work of Michael Foucault is one of the most important and innovative theoretical productions of the 20th century. It has been characterized as complex, daring and often in conflict with the prevailing views of his time whereas it still rises, over twenty years after his death, many debates and controversies in the fields of philosophy and political theory (Zdoukou 2007). Hence, the theoretical framework of this research is based on his work. The piece of work that I analyze in this thesis is the theory of power. Drawing on this notion, I will investigate the implementation of the screening programmes not only as a quest for their necessity in order to reduce the cervical cancer incidence rates but also as a process of working on the self. Thus personal responsibility is created that deploys the discourse on self-care (Heyes 2006). In order to people adopt the personal responsibility, health education and promotion is essential. According to Foucault, power is developed around a principal axis which can be described as the analysis of objectification, forms of knowledge and power relations through which people in western societies become subjects and objects of knowledge and power. Starting from his book Discipline and punish, Foucault studies the disciplinary power and how the perception of imprisonment, for example in the Panopticon, under the disciplinary society has been established in the modern society. In the same book he proceeds to the most radical use of the concept of the body in which disciplinary power is instituted not only to control them but also to make them productive themselves. Through the continuous surveillance, the detailed collection, recording and classification of behaviors and tendencies a new subject established, the inmate. The inmate under the surveillance system is induced to watch over himself because he is offered the illusion that he is monitored. Thus in the theory of power, discipline and surveillance take place through the screening programmes which reflect the governance of the self and create subjected and practiced bodies. Contrary to anatomo-politics of the human body which was created in the 18th century, Foucault goes into a criticism and deals with the notion of bio-politics which isnt concentrated on the individual bodies, but on the management of the populations. Hence, the sum of these docile bodies in the society establishes the management of the popul ation (bio-politics) (Broer 2012). Thus, Foucault theory of power has set a main question that this research will investigate: what are the factors that influence the female populations decision on receiving the screening tests and ultimately become docile bodies? The development of the National Health Systems in the UK and Greece National Health Service (NHS) The United Kingdom is a sovereign state located in the north-west Europe. It includes the island of Great Britain, a north-east part of Iceland as well as smaller islands and it covers a population of almost 62.5 millions of people (Chang, et al. 2011) (Currie and Guah 2007). The UK provides a national health service to all permanent residents about 58 millions of people- which is free at the point of need and is paid out of general taxation (Chang, et al. 2011) (Gorsky 2008). The national health system of the UK is the main representative of the national health systems worldwide. It belongs to the Beveridge model whose main characteristics are the increased state intervention and state funding of health services (Yfantopoylos 2005). NHS is the first completed health system which provided universal and free healthcare for all, based on the principles of social solidarity and equal access to healthcare services (Yfantopoylos 2005). Initially until 1900, the UK didnt provide a social insurance system. Any social insurance, in the sense of the protection of the population, was offered by the church. Healthcare was available only to the wealthy and those who could seek treatment through charity or teaching hospitals (Chang, et al. 2011). Because of the fact that the national funding in the health sector was lacking, the hospitals were in poor financial conditions (Shortell and Gibson 1971). During the Second World War, a public health system was designed that aimed to offer services covering the whole population and its services were financed by central taxation (Chang, et al. 2011). In 1942 the Beveridge report was vital for a health system that protects the population against social dangers such as unemployment and sickness (Yfantopoylos 2005). Ultimately, the Beveridge report was the first step towards a national health service that protects the whole population. In 1948 the National Health System (NHS) was cre ated by the Labour government following the Beveridge review (Currie and Guah 2007) and implementing the 1946 NHS Act regulation (Yfantopoylos 2005). Since its inception the most challenging and notable change the NHS brought was that the health system was split into three services; the hospital services, the primary care and community services (Chang, et al. 2011). After the creation of the NHS all hospitals were under the government ownership. An additional hospital management structure of regional hospital boards and hospital management committees was designed to support the hospital services. The national health system upgraded the role of the General Practitioners (GPs) who were administered separately (Gorsky 2008) and served as gatekeepers of the primary care directing the patients to the different levels of healthcare (Yfantopoylos 2005). The primary care consists of dental, pharmaceutical and ophthalmic services and was organized by executive councils. Maternity, child health, midwifery, health visiting, home nursing and other post hospital services were administered by local health authorities (Shortell and Gibson 1971). The main purpose of this NHS structure was to provide a comprehensive, universal and free healthcare (Gorsky 2008) at the point of need focusing on the equity in the access to healthcare services. Currently, the UK still has a state-sponsored healthcare system called NHS in which belong the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland (Chang, et al. 2011). The government funding covers the 85% of the healthcare expenditure while the remaining 15% is covered by the growing private sector (Chang, et al. 2011). The NHS organization is highly institutionalized and complex system. It consists of parliament, a secretary of state for health, other non-NHS organizations and strategic health authorities. Under these health authorities reside the NHS trusts, foundation trusts, primary care trusts and care trusts (Currie and Guah 2007) whereas NICE, an independent organization, is responsible for monitoring and reporting its performance to the parliament (Yfantopoylos 2005) (Currie and Guah 2007). As an institutionalized environment, UK has created a public sector with universal and free healthcare coverage at the point of need. Additionally, what has developed is a public sector ethos which is enriched by the value of serving the public (Currie and Guah 2007). Health professionals have set this value above any finance and cost-effectiveness issues whereas treatment is provided according to medical need irrespective of ability to pay (Currie and Guah 2007). This is the reason why the NHS has been proved to be the most efficient healthcare system in terms of quality, equity and access to healthcare among industrialized countries (Chang, et al. 2011). Within this framework, the NHS has developed various policies and institutionalized mechanisms for the best performance of the organization. One area has been in the implementation of cervical cancer screening strategies. Table 1: Current NHS Structure, July 2010 (youngfoundation.org) Greek Healthcare system (ESY) Alike the UK, Greece provides a national health system since 1983 which guarantees universal coverage and equity in access to healthcare services to 10 million legal residents (iefimerifa.gr, 2012) (statistics.gr, 2011) irrespective of any professional or regional conditions. In addition to the Greek population, healthcare is offered to all European and non European citizens based on multilateral and bilateral agreements (Saitakis and Papamichail 2005). The process that Greece followed in order to establish a universal healthcare system strongly resembles the one the UK developed several years before. Since the establishment of the Greek State there has been a great attempt to create a welfare state and organize the public health services in Greece. However, as in the UK, until 1900, only 10% of the Greek population, namely the wealthiest was offered healthcare coverage. With the introduction of the Ministry of Hygiene and Social Welfare in 1922 the level of care provided by the public hospitals was considered equally advanced, compared with other healthcare systems in Europe (WHO 1996). At that time, due to changes in the political arena, the refugees wave coming from Turkey stressed the need to create organized health authorities in order to meet the various health problems that occurred. In 1953 the first serious move was made by the government to establish an integrated and decentralized healthcare system (Katsikari 2011) creati ng health regions and councils in order to provide specialized and advanced health opinions based on morbidity (WHO 1996). Twenty years later and having been through a hard political period of dictatorship, Greece was flourished in all areas and the healthcare system was one of them. New social objectives were re-defined and new policies were implemented which intended to improve the health services, to reduce the inequalities in the access to healthcare and reallocate the limited resources in favor of the poor (Yfantopoulos 2001). It was in 1983 when the government passed legislation for the implementation of a National Health Service (ESY) which is the fundamental law of the National Healthcare System (Makaronis, et al. 2010). This legislation is still characterized as a major reform achievement for the reconstruction of the health system. However, its implementation didnt bring any changes in the management of the healthcare sector to ensure its effectiveness. This reform was bas ed on the principle that health is a social good which has to be provided by the State to the whole population regardless of social or economic conditions (Katsikari 2011). Other basic principles of this reform included the equity in the delivery of the healthcare services, the decentralization of the health services, the importance of the primary care creating a system of referral, social security, and the mix of public-private services (Katsikari 2011). The health policy in Greece was developed steadily over time and it was influenced but the trends of society, the human values, medicine and economy without plans and goals. Only after the Second World War did the organizing of the health authorities became essential in developed countries with a significant millstone the introduction of the National Health Service in the UK (Katsikari 2011). Currently, the welfare state in Greece is characterized as the combination of a social security system (Bismarck model) and a National Health Service system (Beveridge model) where everybody is entitled to the same healthcare treatment (Rovithis 2006). It is highly centralized and fragmented in which all the decisions are made from the central administration whereas the regional health authorities have limited power on resources and control (Rovithis 2006). Today, alongside the ESY, there is an equally powerful private sector where the biggest part of the health expenditure is concentrated (Vard aros 2008). The Regional Authorities were developed as in the UK. In order to give greater responsibility to regions, Greek primary care is provided within the Regional Health Authorities (PESY) by the outpatient section of rural centers and hospitals, polyclinics and also specialists (Saitakis and Papamichail 2005) and covers services concerning the prevention and diagnosis of a disease. The secondary care is offered either by public or private hospitals of by social insurance funds hospitals and covers services for inpatient treatment under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Yfantopoulos 2001). Even though the last 15 years Greece has taken some measures, the health policy still had certain problems. These problems were concentrated on the funding and the effectiveness of the health services within the ESY, the numerous sickness funds, the regional inequalities in the health services and the internal mismanagement of the public hospitals. These problems were managed by the highly centralized Ministry of health (Katsikari 2011). Contrary to the UK, Greece lacks of an institutional body that is responsible for monitoring the quality control of the health system as well as to provide national economic guidance based on the cost effectiveness principle such as the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK (Rovithis 2006). So, it isnt surprising that Greece is among the high spenders on healthcare, spending 9% of the GDP for a doubtful quality of the healthcare services (Katsikari 2011). For that reason, the IMF implemented in 2011 austerity measures. The health care system in Greece has undergone major changes in order to reduce the health expenditure and improve the quality. Specifically, since January 2012 the 39 sickness funds which existed until recently have been replaced by the National Organization of Health Services (EOPYY). This organization incorporates 4 of the biggest sickness funds covering the 85% of the total population. The fact that these changes are still ongoing, doesnt give any space to assess the effectiveness of the new healthcare system. The idea of bio-power In order to understand the power relations between the State and individuals, it is essential to investigate the conception of power by Michael Foucault. His perspective changes somewhere between his early work on institutions, that is the history of madness and the birth of the clinic, and his later work on sexuality and governmentality (College of Liberal Arts 2002). However the concept of power, that his work introduced, has set new dimensions to understand modern society. His genealogy of power challenges the assumption that it is a negative, repressive force that operates purely by law and practices of violence (A. Armstrong 2005) claiming that it turns the bodies into a useful and productive workforce. Power shouldnt be considered as a phenomenon of compact domination of a group or a class over another because he strongly believes that power is something that is exercised though an organization working as a chain and it permeates every class of the society either individually o r the population as a whole (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005). The shift from the pre-modern to the modern forms of society involves the displacement of the sovereign power by the bio-power. Sovereign power was centralized and coordinated by a sovereign authority who exercised absolute control over the population (A. Armstrong 2005). Namely the body was central to the power upon which a detailed coercion is exercised. Anyone who challenged the monarchs authority triggered his wrath and this took the shape of spectacular public torture satisfying the masses (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005). It was the 17th century when a profound transformation in terms of mechanisms of power has undergone in the West. As the growth and care of the population became the primary concern of each state (A. Armstrong 2005), the sovereign authority wasnt sufficient anymore to control the ever-growing population (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005) and the bio-power emerged focusing on the management of life. It was the moment where an art of the human body was born that mak es it more obedient and useful. The violent sovereign power had been replaced by the bio-power which was invested not only in the bodies of the population (Aroni 2008) but also in the soul. This type of power isnt a matter of life but essentially a matter of living where the bodies are regulated, trained, maintained and understood (Nettleton 2006). Instead of being exercised by means of violence celebrating death, bio-power focuses on the birth of life of individuals and populations (Ojakangas 2005) (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005). The bio-power concept that Michael Foucault developed is determined as a positive power over people lives which manages, multiplies, and exerts specific control and regularities to the population (Mitrossili 2008) and particularly discipline the human life, death, work, sadness or happiness of the person, mental health, sexual practices and family life (A. Armstrong 2005). So the West entered the era of biopolitics. Its the same period that Foucault goes into a criticism and attaches to bio-power a double meaning; the anatomo-politics (Mitrossili 2008), or as Foucault labels it disciplinary power (A. Armstrong 2005) a form of power that addresses individuals, and bio-politics which concerns the population management (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005). These two poles complement each other (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005). Therefore, within the modern disciplinary society, social control can be achieved by means of strategies of normalization or strategies which produce self-regulated, normalized individuals (A. Armstrong 2005). The notion of the disciplinary power becomes clearer in his later work on the history of sexuality, where the notion of the body is central as a field to exercise power in Western countries. In the beginning of the industrialization in the 17th century, the human body had to become available and functional for the capitalism and the paid work. The impoverished, illiterate and unhealthy populations should consist of significant importance as valuable workforce for the governments. The latter created such a population policy to adapt the populations to the capital requirements (Bartky 2007). So they had to discipline in the workplace for the steadily growing production and they had to comply with the minimum standards of hygiene to avoid epidemics. In order to achieve the aforementioned, they should have stable family life. Birth rates, marriage age and sexual maturation suddenly were under strict control and bio-power was a response of that disorganized mass of individuals (Perron, Fl uet and Holmes 2005). Within this concept, the importance of sexuality is displayed in Foucaults work because on the one hand sexuality is related to body maintenance and on the other hand is related to the management of the populations (Aroni 2008). The spread of bio-power is intimately connected to the social science discourses on sex and sexuality on the grounds that these discourses tended to understand sex as an instinctual and biological process. This process has deep links to identity and thus potential effects on the sexual or social behavior of individuals (A. Armstrong 2005). Through a historical research in various communities, Foucault concludes that the conception of sexuality is considered a main expression of the disciplinary power which is central in the modern society. Power, through its directing and normalizing nature, is an instrument of control whereas surveillance and discipline procedures characterize the discourse on the care of the individuals. The establish ment of the health disciplinary technology prepares the individuals for the bio-politics in modern society because the manipulation of individuals through specific practices such as diet and exercise, make the person responsible for maintaining the fitness of his body (discipline of the body) and consequently the bodies of the population (bio-politics) are controlled. Thus according to Sara Lee Bartky, sexuality operates as connecting link between the discipline of the body and the population management (Bartky 2007). As long as individuals are responsible for maintaining and controlling their bodies, new fields of knowledge are created (Aroni 2008). Surveillance and control concepts, adopt a new meaning because individuals will set their own practices such as exercise and healthy nutrition with greater discipline. While the perceptions on the human body changed in the 20th century, their willingness to be controlled towards a proper functioning is the most important feature of the development of a public policy concentrated on health and life. So, the body becomes the objective and the target of the power. The easiest way to grasp the notion of the disciplinary power is to consider what Foucault studies in the discipline and punish. In this work he examines this new mode of surveillance which is best illustrated by Jeremy Benthams Panopticon (D. Armstrong 1983). The Panopticon enables the simultaneous monitoring and observation, certainty, knowledge and individualization. Specifically it was a building designed for complete, constant and anonymous surveillance of its subjects. It was arranged as a ring at the center of which was a tower. The peripheral building was divided into cells. Each cell had two windows, one allowing light to fall on the inmate and another one which allowed a guard to c ontrol the actions of the inmates, like so many cages, so many small theatres in which each actor is alone, perfectly individualized and constantly visible (D. Armstrong 1983). The central tower was equipped with large windows looking at the inner side of the peripheral ring (Foucault 1989). Visibility was a trap. In this model, inmates dont interact with each other and they constantly confronted with the panoptic power (Foucault 1989). Consequently, the design of the Panopticon was such that the guard had total surveillance of the inmates actions. Under this surveillance, never knowing if or by whom one is being observed, the inmates were induced to watch over themselves (Nettleton 2006) and they were trained to resist any impulse of misbehavior for fear of being caught. Indeed, the inmates are offered the illusion that they are permanently monitored. Seen through the lens of the disciplinary power, the Panopticon serves as an architectural model which successfully shows that the enforcement of rules has shifted from the spectacle of the power of violence enacted upon the body of the subjects, to the power of discipline coded into the soul of the prisoners, under the gaze of the Panopticon, focusing not on the punishment of the biological but on the social body (Bartky 2007). This way, the subject becomes the object of knowledge that can be studied and individualized through collecting information about all those prisoners that are contained in it (Nettleton 2006). Ultimately, the Panopticon creates a state where people police themselves unconsciously. Indeed, Benthams goal was to create an architectural idea that, ultimately, could function, on its own (College of Liberal Arts 2002). In this stunning critique of the modern society, Michel Foucault highlighted the way constant surveillance isnt only directed to control the human body, but also to discipline the mind and soul to produce the self-awareness state that the modern society requires (A. Armstrong 2005). These disciplinary practices subject the human body into continuous and constant surveillance and examination aiming to optimize the bodys capabilities, productivity and skills and to foster its usefulness and docility (A. Armstrong 2005): What was then being formed was a policy of coercions that act on the body, a calculated manipulation of its elements, its gestures, its behavior, the human body was entering a machinery of power that explores it, breaks it down and rearranges ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Thus discipline produces subjected and practiced bodies, docile bodies (Foucault 1989). The aforementioned complex surveillance and discipline system aims to create a type of person which urban society needs. That is the creation of a human being obedient, occupied by the feeling of being guilty and adaptable to all modern tactics. Thus, the body turns into central, transformed and improved by different techniques which monitored and analyzed it. This different way of seeing the body is the outcome of surveillance. Screening programmes as an instrument of biopower Since 2003 the European Council has adopted various guidelines according to which cervical cancer should be screened on population based, quality assured, organized screening tests (Anttila, et al. 2009) to achieve greater participation. These recommendations were supported by clinical trial evidence that through organized cytology the mortality rates could be reduced importantly. (Arbyn, et al. 2007) Additional recommendations describe extensively the organization and implementation of the screening tests, recommended screening age groups and screening intervals as well as policies on monitoring and evaluating the screening programmes (Anttila, et al. 2009) (Nicula, et al. 2009). The Pap test, or cytology, is the best known, most reliable and efficient test of secondary prevention (ACCP 2004) to decrease the incidence and the mortality rates by cervical cancer, highly recommended by the EU (Anttila, et al. 2009). Nevertheless, non-organized programmes have also contributed in the de creasing of the mortality and the incidence, but not to the same magnitude. Until the early 60s, few people had heard of cervical cancer in the UK as a public concern and women were screened very rarely. In particular, they were screened only when they visited their GP, or attended obstetric or family planning clinics. This opportunistic screening led to inefficient focus on young women (Peto, et al. 2004) and women at higher risk (Eardley, et al. 1985). Although cervical cancer screening expanded steadily since 1967 at no cost, it failed to achieve high coverage rates and sufficient follow-up of women. Especially after a media storm when a woman having never received her abnormal screening results, died by cervical cancer, the opportunistic screening was overhauled (Raffle 2007). The constantly rising incidence and mortality rates in young cohorts (Arbyn, et al. 2009), boosted the NHS in 1988 to provide organized national programme for cervical cancer prevention (Bastos, et al. 2010). Eventually, it introduced the call and recall system. Since then, screeni ng tests have reduced the average cervical cancer incidence by 33% in the period 1991-1993 and 1998-2000 (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006). Using a National Health System list, women of 25-65 years old (Foley, et al. 2011) received a personal invitation in order to be offered free regular Pap smear testing, HPV testing or liquid based cytology by GPs or nurses (Linos and Riza 2000) to detect and treat cervical abnormalities. Even though screening tests were administered nationally, the personal invitations were managed regionally. (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006). This -call and recall-system was organized by local authorities, the Primary Care Trusts. These authorities were responsible for reminding the eligible women of the region by personal invitations their regular screening test (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006) with a recommended interval from 3 to 5 years, depending on the womans age (Bunn 2008)(Cancer Research UK, 2012) and the regional authority (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006). In order to ensure high participation of women in the screening tests, in 1990 a system of payments for the GPs was launched, according to wh ich, the payment was received only if women have been screened in the previous 5 years (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006). This system demonstrated high participation levels where almost 80% of eligible women had been screened in the last years (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006). The screening coverage rose from 42% in 1988 to 85%, 6 years later (Arbyn, et al. 2009) and the overall incidence of cervical cancer in the female population of 20-29 years old shows that it has declined significantly from the onset of the organized screening tests up until 1991 (Foley, et al. 2011). For that reason, the UK still applies this call and recall system in a target population of 14 million of women (Linos and Riza 2000) aged 25-64 years old (in Scotland from age 20) (Bunn 2008). Besides, cervical cancer screening is, and always has been, free provided and the screening costs were administered by the NHS (Whynesa, Philips and Avis 2007). However, the Pap smear method doesnt test for cervical cancer; instead, it detects, (Bastos, et al. 2010) cell abnormalities which, if left untreated, can potentially lead to cancer. In order to perform the Pap smear method, the UK uses advanced laboratory quality assurance, training and performance standards of reporting (Canfel, Sitas and Beral 2006). Today, more that 3.5 million women in the UK are screened every year, the vast majority of which as a reply to the call-recall system (Whynesa, Philips and Avis 2007). Another significant proportion still is screened opportunistically. Nevertheless, it is surprising though that recent d ata demonstrate a profound increase in the incidence rates by 2.2% between 1992 and 2006 (Foley, et al. 2011) (Peto, et al. 2004). This increasing trend hints that HPV epidemic might be increased in the future. In addition to screening tests, the HPV vaccines were introduced in many countries globally including the UK. The rapid approval of such vaccines by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) demonstrated that decision-makers in the UK were aware of what the outcome of such a prevention strategy would be and that the reduction in the incidence of the disease would be significant. Indeed, the national HPV immunization programme prevents from cervical cancer almost 400 deaths per year (Martin, et al. 2011). In 2007, a VENICE report was conducted which, even though provided recommendation in Austria and Germany it questioned the benefits of the vaccination over the benefits of screening (Raffle 2007). In the beginning of 2008 the Department of Health in UK announced the inclusion of the HPV vaccination in the national immunization programme (Bastos, et al. 2010). The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (JCVI) in collaboration with the Department of Health decided to vaccinate girl s aged 12-13 years old and additionally to promote vaccination of females only up to 18 years old because the vaccination of the female population older than 18 years would not consist of cost-effective (Bunn 2008). Male population isnt included in the immunization programme for economic reasons (Martin, et al. 2011). Scotland was the first of the four UK countries which introduced the HPV vaccination in September 2008 at the beginning of the school year for all 12-13 year old girls (Gasparini and Panato 2009). The power in the healthcare sector relies on the examinations (Perron, Fluet and Holmes 2005) so screening programmes could be considered the vehicle of disciplinary technology. Consequently, the organized screening programmes attract the Foucauldian approach because they are a particular version of the panoptic idea (Heyes 2006). The organized screening tests operate as the Panopticon building. This surveillance system aims to set the entire female population under a continual control and to ensure that it is subjected with respect to the requirements of the state; namely the bio-politics. Furthermore, Foucault suggests that discipline depends on the relationship between the body and its observing gaze rather than on the population. The perfect disciplinary apparatus would make it possible for a single gaze to see everything constantly, he notes (D. Armstrong 1983). Namely, discipline includes the strict monitoring. Diagnostic programmes, intending to promote health and prevent from a disease are the best examples to illustrate their relation with bio-politics. With the call and recall notification women are invited to arrange an appointment with their GP or their primary care